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<a name="Bitwise-logical-operators"></a>
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<a name="Bitwise-logical-operators-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.31 Bitwise logical operators</h4>
<a name="index-logical_002c-bitwise"></a>

<p>With <samp>-fdec</samp>, GNU Fortran relaxes the type constraints on
logical operators to allow integer operands, and performs the corresponding
bitwise operation instead.  This flag is for compatibility only, and should be
avoided in new code.  Consider:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  INTEGER :: i, j
  i = z'33'
  j = z'cc'
  print *, i .AND. j
</pre></div>

<p>In this example, compiled with <samp>-fdec</samp>, GNU Fortran will
replace the <code>.AND.</code> operation with a call to the intrinsic
<code><a href="IAND.html#IAND">IAND</a></code> function, yielding the bitwise-and of <code>i</code> and <code>j</code>.
</p>
<p>Note that this conversion will occur if at least one operand is of integral
type.  As a result, a logical operand will be converted to an integer when the
other operand is an integer in a logical operation.  In this case,
<code>.TRUE.</code> is converted to <code>1</code> and <code>.FALSE.</code> to <code>0</code>.
</p>
<p>Here is the mapping of logical operator to bitwise intrinsic used with
<samp>-fdec</samp>:
</p>
<table>
<thead><tr><th width="25%">Operator</th><th width="25%">Intrinsic</th><th width="50%">Bitwise operation</th></tr></thead>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>.NOT.</code></td><td width="25%"><code><a href="NOT.html#NOT">NOT</a></code></td><td width="50%">complement</td></tr>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>.AND.</code></td><td width="25%"><code><a href="IAND.html#IAND">IAND</a></code></td><td width="50%">intersection</td></tr>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>.OR.</code></td><td width="25%"><code><a href="IOR.html#IOR">IOR</a></code></td><td width="50%">union</td></tr>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>.NEQV.</code></td><td width="25%"><code><a href="IEOR.html#IEOR">IEOR</a></code></td><td width="50%">exclusive or</td></tr>
<tr><td width="25%"><code>.EQV.</code></td><td width="25%"><code><a href="NOT.html#NOT">NOT</a>(<a href="IEOR.html#IEOR">IEOR</a>)</code></td><td width="50%">complement of exclusive or</td></tr>
</table>




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